“洋学”家的“尊王”论在日本近代政治体制形成中的作用

The Role of Political Theories of Western Learning Specialists in the Formation of Modern Japanese Political System

明治维新以后 ,日本从“尊王攘夷”一变而为“尊王学夷”。围绕政治体制建设 ,以向西方寻求政治体制楷模为目的的“洋学”家 ,先后提出了各种政治理论 ,尤以主张“君民同治”的“英学”家代表小野梓的理论 ,主张“人民主权”的“法学”家代表中江兆民的理论 ,以及主张“主权归一”的“德学”家代表井上毅的“尊王”论最为突出 ,这些理论均对日本“万世一系”的天皇制给予了肯定 ,即均具有将西方政治体制和日本传统政治体制相结合的“尊王”色彩。但“尊王”色彩的强弱及其本质上的差异 ,决定了它们在日本近代政治体制形成中各具有不同作用。日本近代的政治体制是经由“英学”家倡导 ,“法学”家警示 ,“德学”

From the beginning of Meiji Reformation, Japan changed its slogan from 'emperor respect and expelling invaders' to 'emperor respect and learning from foreigners'. In order to establish modern political system, Japanese Western Learning specialists put forward different theories. Though they all strove to combine the western political system with traditional Japanese political system, all of their theories were tinged with 'respecting the emperor', The difference in the degree and nature made them play different roles in the establishment of modern Japanese political system. This paper elucidates the theories of Wono Azhisa, Nakae Chyomei, and Inoue Kowashi, and outlines the process of the establishment of modern Japanese political system.