玉林话的小称变音

SOUND CHANGE AS A MEANS OF INDICATING DIMINUTIVES IN THE DIALECT OF YULIN

玉林话实词中的一些词语 ,在表示原有的基本意义之外 ,还常常附加“小巧”、“可爱”等意义 ,类似普通话的儿化 ,称为“小称”。表示小称的办法是改变声调 ,有时还会改变韵母。它是用最经济的办法来增加词语附加意义的一种词语增值手段。小称的语音变化 ,分为单音节和双音节两种。单音节由自身音节变调或变韵。双音节的前一个音节按多音节连读变调 ,后一个音节按小称规律变调。入声类单音节词和双音节词的第二个音节在变调的同时 ,把塞音尾改为同部位的鼻音韵尾。这种语音变化属于共时的条件音变。能够发生小称音变的不仅是名词 ,还有形容词、动词、数词、量词、代词。

In Yulin dialect, some substantive words and expressions can often have additional meaning which is pretty, lovely etc. as well as their main meaning, similar to the phenomena of Mandarin retroflexation, and we call this diminutive. To get the diminutive, we can modify the tone, sometimes we can have to change the final. So it is the most economic way to add the additional meaning to the words and expressions. It includes monosyllabic sound change and disyllabic sound change. The rules for the former one is by tone sandhi or the final changes; the rules for the latter one is that the first syllable changes according to the multi syllable tone sandhi, and that the second syllable modifies according to the diminutives. The stop endings of entering tone turn to the nasal endings. This sound change is synchronic. Besides nouns can have the diminutive, words like adjectives,numerals,unit words and pronouns can also have.