混凝土结构耐久性研究的回顾与展望

State-of-the-art on durability of concrete structures

混凝土结构是应用非常广泛的一种结构形式 ,但是由于其材料自身和使用环境的特点 ,使得混凝土结构存在严重的耐久性问题 ,这已经给各国带来了巨大的经济损失和财政负担 .本文通过数据和工程实例说明混凝土结构耐久性问题的严重性 ,回顾了混凝土结构耐久性研究的发展状况 ;同时还系统地介绍了混凝土结构耐久性研究的主要内容 ,包括 :混凝土的碳化、碱 -集料反应和冻融破坏、氯离子侵蚀、钢筋锈蚀、混凝土构件耐久性和混凝土结构体系耐久性 ;最后展望了混凝土结构耐久性研究的发展方向 .

Concrete structures are widely used, but they have a fatal defect of poor durability due to internal factors of materials and environmental state. The defect of concrete structures has resulted in economic losses worldwide, so the durability of concrete structures must be paid great attention to the practical engineering. The construction projects are quoted here to emphasis the importance of study on durability of concrete structures. The state of the art of studies on durability of concrete structures is introduced, which include that there are carbonation of concrete, alkali aggregate reaction, freeze thaw of concrete, corrosion by choric salt, durability of concrete members and durability of concrete structures. Some points of view on the expectation of this area are presented.