3～5岁幼儿前滑步动作发展的生物力学研究

Biomechanical Study on the Development of ForwardSliding Motion in Children Aged 3-5 Years

探究3-5岁幼儿完成前滑步动作时地面反作用力、身体重心变化幅度和肌电协同收缩率运动生物力学参数变化情况。采用Kistler三维测力台、BTS红外捕捉系统及配套的Free EMG表面肌电测试系统实时采集24名3-5岁幼儿前滑步运动学、动力学、肌电等相关数据。结果显示:(1)中班幼儿前滑步和侧滑步TGMD-2测试得分均高于小班幼儿,且中班和小班幼儿前滑步动作发展均较侧滑步好;(2)中班幼儿在左右方向上的地面反作用力明显小;(3)中班身体重心在前后方向上变化幅度及平均值均明显向后,垂直方向上的平均值较大;(4)中班在站立期和摆动期肌肉肌电协同收缩率明显增高;研究结论:了解不同年龄段儿童完成前滑步动作的身体特点并给予相应的动作教育,对促进儿童动作发展具有重要作用,希望此文为幼儿园及教育工作者安排体育活动内容和难度提供一定的参考依据。

Objective:The paper is to explore the changes of biomechanical parameters such as the ground reaction force,the amplitude of body center of gravity,the rate of EMG coordination when the 3-5-year-old child has completed the anterior sliding action.Methods:The BTS infrared motion capture system and the accompanying Free EMG surface electromyography test system and the Kistler three-dimensional dynamometer system were used to collect 24 of 3-5 years old children’s precession kinematics,electromyography,kinetics and gait-related data.The study indicates:(1)Steps forward slip and slide TGMD-2 scored significantly higher on tests of the original(2)The middle class’s ground reaction on the right and left direction is apparently smaller;(3)The middle class’s body gravity centers on the front and rear direction clearly tend to be backward;(4)The phase muscle EMG co-contraction rate in standing phase and swing phase of the middle class are significantly higher;Research conclusion:Understand the different age children completing the sliding movement of the body characteristics and give corresponding movement education,plays an important role in promoting children’s motor development,hope this article for the kindergarten and arrange education workers sports content and difficulty to provide certain reference basis.