无机营养对春小麦抗旱适应性的影响

EFFECTS OF INORGANIC NUTRITION ON THE ADAPTATIONS OF SPRING WHEAT TO DROUGHT

本文研究了无机营养对春小麦一些抗旱适应性的影响,主要包括:渗透调节的大小和变化过程、可溶性糖的积累、脯氨酸的积累、叶片导度的变化、离体叶片的失水速率、叶面积和耗水量的变化、根系生长和根/植冠值,并且分析了各个处理植株的水分利用效率(WUE)和产量的变异。认为,在干旱条件下,无机营养对于春小麦不同器官、不同生理功能,并不都具有一致的作用。有的利于提高植株的抗旱性,有的可以改变一些适应性产生的时间和发展过程,有的则不利于植株的抗旱性。通过综合分析,提出旱地施肥使作物增产的主要原因是,营养元素满足了作物生长所需,促进了根系发育,利于吸收水分、维持水分平衡和正常生理功能,但对作物自身的耐旱性并没有产生显著影响。

Effects of inorganic nutrition on the adaptations of spring wheat todrought were studied, including the changing process and the degree of os-motic adjustment, the accumulation of free proline, changes of leaf condu-ctance, water loss rate of leaves in vitro, variations of leaf area and wa-ter consumption,the root growth and root/shoot ratio. Then, variances ofgrain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were discussed. It followsthat the effects of inorganic nutrition on the adaptations of different orga-ns and different physiological activities in the spring wheat were not inthe same direction: some were benificial to resist drought,others could ch-ange the process of a few physioecological adaptations, and still otherswere detrimental to the drought resistance. Comprehensive analyses expl-ained that increasing yields of dryland crpos with fertilizer are mainlybecause the need of nutrients in drop growth is satisfied and the root dev-elopment is promoted as a result of raised WUE, but are not because thedrought tolerance of crop plants is significantly strenghened.