摘要
1987-1988年,研究了旱地施肥对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum cv.Shanhe No.6)水分利用效率的影响,初步探讨了“以肥调水”的生理机制。施肥不仅提高了旱地土壤含水量,更重要的是提高了土壤水势和土壤水的有效性,从而增加了有效水分利用。施肥增大旱地冬小麦绿叶面积,延缓叶片衰老,从而降低土壤蒸发,增加蒸腾用水潜势和光合潜势,但净同化率不一定提高。施肥增加旱地冬小麦总的水分利用(ET,即蒸散量)和蒸腾(T)用水,增加地上部生物产量,提高了经济产量和水分利用效率。施肥使冬小麦同时具有耗水和节水以抵御干旱的能力,对植株具有调节作用,使之更好地适应干旱环境。
Experiments were carried out to study the effects of different fertili-zation levels on water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat (Triticumaestivum cv. Shaanhe No.6) grown in the field under dryland conditionsat Luojiawa, Chengcheng, Shaanxi in 1987-1988 to explore the physiol-ogical mechanism of 'regulating water using fertilizer'. The results showedthat: (1) Fertilization on dryland raised not only soil water content, butalso soil water potential, thus increased water use. (2) Fertilization ondryland increased leaf area of winter wheat, delayed leaf senescence, thusreduced soil evaporation, increased the potential of water-use by transpi-ration and the potential of photosynthesis. However, the net assimilationrate was apparantly not significantly affected. (3) Fertilization increasedtotal water use (ET) and water-use by transpiration (T) of winter wheatunder dryland conditions, increased above ground biomass yield and grainyield, so that WUE of winter wheat was improved. (4) Fertilization hasthe effect of regulation to winter wheat underrdryland conditions, makingthe plants more efficient in water economy, and hence more adaptable todrought enviroment.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目和"七.五"期间重点科技攻关项目
关键词
冬小麦
施肥水平
水分利用效率
Winter wheat
Regulating water using fertilizer
Water use efficiency
Soil water potential
