莜麦花药培养和单倍性悬浮细胞培养物的建立

ANTHER CULTURE OF NAKED OAT AND THE ESTABLISHEMENT OF ITS HAPLOID SUSPENSION CELL

对花粉处于单核中期的莜麦(Avena nuda)花药进行了离体培养,发现外源激素对莜麦花粉愈伤组织的形成不但没有促进作用,反而有明显的抑制作用。在不含任何激素只含1%活性碳的 MS 培养基上得到了最高的花粉愈伤组织诱导率(14.7%)。但愈伤组织的分化率极低,在126块愈伤组织中只有4块具分化苗的能力,其中3块分化出绿色植株,1块分化出白色植株。对分别来自3块愈伤组织的3株绿苗进行了根尖染色体检查,结果显示,3棵绿色植株中2株为单倍体(2n=3x=21),1株为二倍体(2n=6x=42)。将花粉愈伤组织置于液体培养基中进行悬浮培养,得到了分散好,生长快的悬浮细胞培养物。悬浮细胞经1年左右的继代培养仍基本保持着单倍体特性。

This paper reported the production of haploid plants through anther culture in naked oat(Avena nuda).Calluses were induced from anthers of naked oat placed on various culture media.MS medium with 4% sucrose,1% activated charcoal and no hormones gave the highest initiation frequencies(14.7%)of anther callus among media tested.Twelve green plants and one albino plant have been regenerated from anther calluses.Cytological examination of mitotic rooot tip cells from three green anther plants showed that two of the plants were haploid (2n=3x=21)and one was diploid(2n=6x=42).The cell suspension cultures were establi- shed from pollen friable calluses in liquid medium.The suspension cells were cytologically stable during one year subcultures.Most of the cells examined were haploid.