中国古本草书艾蒿类植物的初步考订

THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE MEDICINAL ARTEMISIA IN EARLY CHINESE PHARMACOPOEIAS

本文对中国古本草书记载的艾蒿类植物,如白蒿、艾、白艾、艾蒿、野艾蒿、苹、籟蒿、水蒿、萎蒿、柳叶蒿、(艹闾)蒿、艾叶、家艾、蕲艾、牛尾蒿、草蒿、青蒿、黄花蒿、香蒿、臭蒿、(犭卂)蒿、邪蒿、茵陈蒿)蓬高、野同蒿、紫香蒿、牡蒿、齐头蒿、水辣菜、奄闾子、庵(艹闾)、刘寄奴及金寄奴等作了初步考订,同时对一些名为“艾”或“蒿”但非菊科蒿属植物亦作一初步的考订。

In Early Chinese Phatmacopoeias o? Herbals many medicinal Artemisia, which named 'Ai' or 'Hao' in Chinese, had been introduced. But theyhadn't scientific nomenclatures, in which so much were confused. Accordingto the examinations, 'Bai-Hao' (white Artemisia, terrestrial) (Tab. 1:3.5:1), 'Ai' (Tab. 6:3, 4), 'Bai-Ai' (Tab.' 2:1), 'Ai-Hao', 'Ye-Ai-Hao'(wild Artemisia) (Tab. 5:3, 4) from 'Shen Nong Bencao Jing' (Shen Nong'sCanon of Materia Medica, about 100—180 A. D., SNCMM), Su Jing, 'TangXin Xiu Bencao' (The Official Pharmacopoeia in Tang Dynasty, 659 A. D.,TOP), Tang Shen-wei, 'Zheng Lei Bencao' (revised) (Classified MateriaMedica, revised 1249 A. D., CLMM), even in Li Shi-zhen, 'Bencao GanMu' (Compendium of Materia Medica, 1596 A. D., CMM) and Wu Qi-jun,'Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tucao' (Illustrated Handbook of Plants, 1848, IHP)are the compound names of the species of Artemisia L., which includedA. Argyi Levl. & Van. and its allies —A. lavandulaefolia DC., A.verlolorum Lamotte, A. mongolica (Fisch. ex Bess.) Nakai, A. leucophyllaTurcz. ex Bess., A. igniaria Maxim., A. verbenacea (Komar.) Kitag., A.indica Willd. and A. princeps Pamp. etc. All of them have the similarcharacters, such as leaves 1—2-pinnately parted or divided, with whitearachnoid hairs at abaxial surface and with similar properties and functi-ons for the drugs. Besides, they distribute mainly in the central and lowervalleys of the Huang and Yangtze Rivers. But 'Bai-Hao' named in Ai Cheng,'Da Guang Bencao' (Pharmacopoeia in Da Guang of Song Dynasty, 1108A. D., PDG) should be A. sacrorum Ledeb., and that named in Zhu Su, 'JiuHuang Bencao' (Herbals for foods, 1588 A. D., HF) should be A. scopariaWaldst. & Kit. (Tab.5:2) Besides, 'Ai-Ye', 'Jia-Ai' (family Artemisia),'Qi-Ai' in above herbals are the same, which was named A. argyi Levl.& Van. cv. qiai. Most of 'Bai-Hao' (white Artemisia, watery), 'Shui-Hao' (watery Artemisia), 'Liu-Ye-Hao), (Tab. 6:2), 'Lou-Hao' (Tab.6:1) and 'Lu-hao', are A. selengensis Turcz. ex Bess. and its variety—var. shansiensis Y. R. Ling, in which it's serrulateless along leaf-margine.'Liu-Wei-Hao' in CMM and in IHP are both two species of ArtemisiaL.—A. dubia Wall. ex Bess. (Tab. 7:1) and A. lancea Van. (Tab. 7:2).'Cao-Hao', 'Qing-Hao', (Tab. 2:4, 7:4), except a part of the specieswith yellowish and greenish florets, 'Huang-Hua-Hao' (Tab. 1:1, 7:3),'Xiang-Hao' (fragrant Artemisia), 'Chou-Hao' (stink Artemisia), 'Xun-Hao', all are Artemisia annua L. Only a part of 'Qing-Hao', with yellowishor greenish florets, perhaps is A. carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (—A.apiacea Hance), which is different from the medicinal 'Qing-Hao'—A.annua L. But the species of 'Qing-Hao' and 'Huang-Hua-Hao' in CMM and IHP (Tab. 1:1, 2:4, 7:3, 4) are the same, A. annua L., in which, asfact. sa-called 'Qing-Hao' (Tab. 2:4, 7:4) were confuced by A. annua L.with the insect-galls on the leaves, branches and stem, to A. carvifoliaBuch.-Ham. ex Roxb., which is so-called 'Qing-Hao' in HF and in BaoShan's 'Ye Cai Bo Lu' (Herbals for vegetables, 1622 A. D., HV) (Tab.8:2) are different from the species in CMM and IHP (Tab. 3:3, 8:1).It's A. carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. in HF and HV, and it's perhapsCnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson with umbel inflorescences in CMM and IHP.'Yin-Chen-Hao', incl. 'Xi-Yin-Chen' (from the west), 'Bei-Yin-Chen'(from the north), 'Shan-Yin-Chen' (from the wild), 'Shi-Yin-Chen'(fromthe stony areas), 'Mian-Yin-Chen' (tomentose), 'Gia-Yin-Chen' (fromfamily), 'Peng-Hao', 'Ye-Ton-Hao' (Tab. 9:1, 2), 'Zi-Xiang-Hao' (Tab.8:4), most of them are A. capillaris Thunb. and A. scoparia Waldst. etKit. Both are the well-known drugs in common use, curing the hepatitisand cholecystitis. But the species of a part of 'Yin-Chen' (Tab. 2:2,8:3), which were in CMM and IHP, and in Han Bao-sheng, 'Shu Bencao'(Herbals in Sichuan, 934 A. D.) are A. sacrorum Ledeb. and in CLMMso-called 'Jiangninfu Yin-Chen' (Tab. 4:4) is Mentha haplocalyx Briq.'Mu-Hao' (Tab. 4:2, 9:3), 'Qi-Tou-Hao', 'Shui-La-Cai' in TOP,CMM, IHP and other herbals are all Artemisia japonica Thunb. 'An-Lv','An-Lv-H