活化钙镁磷肥对不同磷效率基因型冬小麦生长及磷效率的影响

Effects of Modified Calcium-magnesium Phosphates on Growth and Phosphorus Efficiency of Winter Wheat Genotypes with Different Phosphorus Efficiency

用土培方法研究了两种磷肥 (枸溶性钙镁磷肥CMP和水溶性磷肥过磷酸钙SSP)和两种非水溶性磷肥活化剂(无机矿物活化剂IA和有机活化剂OA)在石灰性土壤中对不同磷效率小麦苗期生长和基因型差异以及磷效率的影响。结果表明 ,SSP和CMP对不同磷效率基因型小麦生长的影响无显著差异 ,但对植株磷效率的影响效果明显不同。SSP可提高植株的磷吸收效率 ,CMP对提高植株的磷利用效率更有效。不同磷效率小麦生长的基因型差异在所有磷肥处理中均表现 ,但在CMP处理中的差异最大 ,不同溶解性磷肥品种可作为小麦磷效率基因型的鉴定材料。两种非水溶性磷肥活化剂对钙镁磷肥均有效 ,但作用大小和方向因小麦基因型不同而异 ,OA有利于磷高效基因型小麦的生长 ,IA对磷低效基因型小麦的生长则更加有利 ,其效果甚至超过水溶性磷肥。经IA处理的CMP能明显提高小麦植株的磷含量和吸磷量 。

The effects of two kinds of phosphorus fertilizers with different solubility (SSP and CMP) and two kinds of CMP activators (IA and OA) on growth and phosphorus efficiency of four winter wheat genotypes with different phosphorus efficiency in calcareous soil have been investigated.The results shown that there were no apparent differences between SSP and CMP treatments for wheat shoot growth. However SSP is good at improving phosphorus uptake efficiency, and CMP at utilization efficiency. Genotypic differences existed in all phosphorus fertilizers treatments, but most significantly in CMP treatment, which can be used for distinguish genotypes with different phosphorus efficiency. It was efficient for OA and IA to activate CMP in improving wheat growth, the former being better for the genotypes with phosphorus efficiency and the later for the genotypes with phosphorus inefficiency. Modified CMP by IA increased phosphorus uptake of wheat plant and soil available phosphorus contents significantly.