湿害后小麦生理变化与品种耐湿性的关系

Changes of Physiological Characters of Wheat After Waterlogging and Relations Between Physiological Characters and Waterlogging Tolerance of Different Varieties

选用 12个小麦品种 (系 )为材料 ,研究了湿害对小麦某些生理特性的影响 ,以及小麦耐湿性与其自身某些性状间的关系。结果表明 ,湿害使植株的根系活力下降 ,旗叶丙二醛含量增加 ,旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性、相对含水量下降 ,对植株体内有机物的含量产生较大的影响 ,从而使得单株粒数及千粒重下降 ,最终导致单株产量下降 ;孕穗期小麦的旗叶保水力、次生根游离氨基酸含量、次生根淀粉含量、成熟期主穗穗重占单株产量的百分比与小麦的耐湿性呈极显著相关 ,孕穗期旗叶丙二醛含量、旗叶相对含水量、叶部游离氨基酸含量等指标与小麦的耐湿性呈显著相关。这些性状可作为耐湿育种的参考指标。

Using 12 varieties of wheat, the effects of waterlogging on some physiological characters and the relationship between waterlogging tolerance and some characters of their own were studied. The results showed that the waterlogging made the root vigor decrease, the content of malondialdehyde in flag leaf increase, the content of chlorophyll, the net photosynthesis rate, the nitrate reductase activity, the relative water content in flag leaf decrease, the content of organic matter change obviously. So the grains per plant and the 1 000 grains weight were decreased, at last the yield per plant was declined. The correlations between the waterlogging tolerance of wheat and the water conservation ability of flag leaf, the content of free amino acids in secondary root, the content of starch in secondary root at booting stage, the percentage of stem yield in yield per plant at ripening stage were highly significant. The correlations were significant between waterlogging tolerance of wheat and the content of malondialdehyde in flag leaf, the relative water content in flag leaf, the content of free amino acids in leaves.