不同生态棉区棉花单铃重的变化及与气象因子关系的研究

Changes of Cotton Single Boll Weight at Different Eco-region and Correlation with Meterological Factor

采用不同生态区育成的品种 ,在新疆的南、北疆棉区和河北棉区进行“双向异地种植” ,横向比较了不同生态棉区棉花产量库构成的变化。结果表明 ,新疆棉区产量库构成因素中单铃重增加幅度最大 ,南疆和北疆棉区单铃重分别为 5 .89g～6 .5 0 g、5 .4 3g～ 6 .12g ,较河北南宫棉花铃重提高 5 1.16 %～ 2 4 .2 3%。新疆棉区单株结铃数虽低 ,但因收获株数是河北南宫的1.5倍 ,所以单位面积总铃数高于河北。新疆棉花铃重高 ,表明在单位面积株数多的条件下个体生长仍较健壮 ,这主要是因为新疆棉区日照时数多、日温差大 ,光合产物生产与累积多 ,既有利于个体发育 ,又有利于光合产物在棉铃中的累积 ,最终单铃重高 ,这是新疆棉花获得高产的重要生理生态基础。

In order to explore the physiological mechanism of high yield cotton in Xinjiang systematically, and improve yield further, the comparison of yield sink characteristics was set between three ecological regions. Boll number per plant was lower in south and north of Xinjiang, but harvested plants was nearly 1.5 times higher than that in Nangong, so total boll number per unit area were greater. Weight of per boll in south and north of Xinjiang was 5.89-6.50g and 5.43-6.12g respectively, 51.16%-24.23% heavier than that in Nangong. Thermal difference between day and night was relatively greater in Xinjiang, it would be benefit to the accumulation of photosynthetic product in bolls. This is one of the main reasons for cotton's higher boll weight and yield in Xinjiang. This is the physiological and ecological reason for cotton high yield in Xinjiang.