辽宁东部山区几种主要森林植被类型枯落物层持水性能研究

A Study on Water-holding Properties of Litter Layer for Various Major Forest Vegetation Types in Eastern Mountainous Region in Liaoning Province

对辽宁东部山区6种主要森林植被类型枯落物的蓄积量及其持水性能进行的研究结果表明 :辽东山区森林枯落物蓄积量为5.4～39.0t·hm -2,针叶林的枯落物蓄积量明显高于阔叶林 (柞木林和杂木林 ) ,灌丛最少。枯落物总平均吸水速度1～4h变化最快 ,24h近乎为零 ,吸水达到饱和。针叶林枯落物半分解层持水率大于未分解层 ,前者最大持水率平均为234.8 % ,后者平均为176.5%;阔叶林则是未分解层持水率大于半分解层 ,前者最大持水率为600% ,后者为221.1 %。整个枯落物层最大持水率变化范围156.5%～494.6% ,平均值为267.5 % ,大小顺序是柞木林>杂木林>灌丛>红松林>落叶松林>油松林。整个枯落物层最大持水量变化范围为14.0～86.1t·hm -2 ,平均值为51.8t·hm -2 ,大小排序为红松林>落叶松林>柞木林>油松林>杂木林>灌丛 ;各林型的最大拦蓄率为67.0%～432.6 % ,平均值为196.7% ,大小排序为柞木林>灌丛>杂木林>红松林>落叶松林>油松林 ;各林型的最大拦蓄量为12.4～58.6t·hm -2,林型间平均值为34.1t·hm -2,大小排序为红松林>柞木林>落叶松林>油松林>灌丛 ;各林型的有效拦蓄率、有效拦蓄量同其相应的最大拦蓄率、最大拦蓄量表现特点相同 ,前者变化范围为43.6%～360.2%,林型间平均值为156.9%:后者的变化范围为10.3～45.7t?

The existing amount and water-holding properties of litter layers have been researched in this paper for 6 forest major vegetation types in Eastern mountainous region in Liaoning.It was showed that the existing amount of litter in this area ranged from 5.4 t·hm-2 to 39.0t·hm-2, being larger for conifers than that for hardwoods and the least for filbert bushes. The general averaged water-taking rate went down sharply in 4 hours after soaked in water, reaching saturated state in about 24 hours. The whole litter layer of Quercus spp. forest took up water fastest, then Larix kaempferi forest and weed forest, forests of Pinus koraensis and P. tabulaeformis the slowest. Semi-decomposed litter of confers took up water faster than that of un-decomposed litter layer, and for hardwoods the two kinds of layers behaved contravary.The maximum water-holding percentage ranged 156.5-494.6%,averaged 267.5%, in the declined order of Quercus spp, weed trees, filbert bushes, P. koraensis, Larix keampferi, P. tabulaeformis. And that of semi-decomposed litter layer for conifers, averaged 234.8%, was larger than that of un-decomposed litter layer, averaged 176.5%. On the contrary for hardwoods in this index, un-decomposed litter layer was larger than semi-decomposed layer, the former averaged 600%, the latter 221.1%. The maximum water-holding capacity of the whole litter layer ranged 14.0-86.1t·hm-2, averaged 51.8t·hm-2, being in the descended order of P. koraensis, Larix kaempfrei, Quercus spp., P. tabulaeformis, weed trees and filbert bushes.The maximum interception rate of litter layer changed from 67.0% to 432.6%, averaged 196.7%, ordered in downward way as Quercus spp., filbert bushes, weed trees, P. koraensis, Larix keampferi, P. tabulaeformis. The maximum interception varied from 12.4 to 58.6 t·hm-2, averaged 34.1 t·hm-2, seated in the descended order as P. koraensis, Quercus spp., Larix kaempferi, P. tabululaeformis and filbert bushes.The modified interception rate and modified interception showed the same variation patterns as the two indices of interception rate and interception above, the former fluctuated from 43.6% to 360.2%, averaged 156.9%, the latter ranged 10.3-45.7 t·hm-2, averaged 26.4t·hm-2.