自然语言中真理概念的语用学分析

A Pragmatic Explanation of Truth in Natural Languages

本文根据语用学的基本原则分析“真理”一词在自然语言中的用法 ,从而阐明“真理”的意义。“真理”的语用学分析表明 ,第一 ,简单符合论的真理观对真理的定义是不完全的 ;第二 ,实用主义的解释对于真理意义的阐明是不可缺少的 ;第三 ,精致符合论和实用主义真理观并不相互冲突 ,而是同一种真理观的不同表述 ,融贯论并不构成一种独立的真理观 ,而是真理所必须满足的许多要求之一。同时 ,这种语用学分析还导出一个推论 :理论性的知识是可以证实的 ,但不可以证伪。

This essay is an approach to the meaning of the concept truth in natural language by means of pragmatic explanation.The pragmatic approach shows that the conception of truth as defined in simple correspondence theory is incomplete,that a pragmatist explanation is essential to meaning of truth and that sophisticated correspondence theory and pragmatist theory are not competitive alternatives of conception of the truth,but compatible complementary to each other,coherence offers no explanation of truth but one of requirements to be met by the claims to truth.The pragmatic approach has a consequence that theoretical knowledge,contrary to K.Popper's insistence,is verifiable but not falsifiable.