海底热液活动与海洋科学研究

Studies on the Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity and Ocean Science

本文简要介绍了海底热液活动的研究历史 ,以及目前研究的几个主要问题。指出海底热液活动是海洋中永远存在的自然现象。热液区主要分布在大洋中脊、弧后盆地和热点区。在这些区域由于地质构造的不稳定性 ,造成冷海水通过隙缝下渗 ,并在岩浆房作用下形成高温热水。热水在上升通道中与围岩作用 ,并发生复杂的岩 -水反应 ,从而改变了海水的化学成分。流出的热液可以形成多种矿物沉积 ,其中最有价值的是 Zn,Cu,Fe,Pb的硫化物。岩 -水反应可以产生可观的元素通量 ,因此 ,对海水元素恒定性的解释需要重新审视。利用 3 He/热比值可以计算海洋的热通量。

The history of studies on seafloor hydrothermal activity and several important issues being researched at present are reviewed. These indicate that the seafloor hydrothermal activity is natural phenomenon that will exist in ocean forever. The hydrothermal area distributes mostly at the mid ocean ridge, back arc basin and hot spot. In these areas, the instability of the geologic structure makes cold sea water penetrate down through fissure and forms hot water at high temperature by the faction of magma chamber. The hot water reacts with the surrounding rock in the elevated passage and produces complicated rock water reaction, thereby, the component of seawater is changed. The effusive hydrothermal activity can form multi mineral deposits including Zn,Cu,Fe,Pb and sulfides which are the most valuable. The reaction of rock water can produce abundant element flux, thereby, the interpret action of the sea water element invariance needs to survey again. By using 3He/thermal ratio, the ocean thermal flux can be calculated.The hydrothermal activity brings forward new issue for the studies on high temperature biology.