生态控制茶园内害虫、天敌种类及数量的季节变化规律

The Seasonal Dynamics of Species and Quantities of Insect Pests and Natural Enemies in Tea Plantations Under Ecological Control

对衡山生态控制茶园内害虫、天敌种类及数量季节变化的系统调查与排序分析表明 :生态控制茶园由于生态环境优良、长期不使用化学农药 ,使得害虫、天敌种类多 ,数量少 ,群落间处于较好的平衡状态。群落的季节变化明显受到气候条件、茶树生育期和茶园采摘的影响。害虫、天敌的年消长规律与茶树的生长规律基本相同 ,即每年的 1 1月份至翌年的3月份为茶树、害虫与天敌的越冬期 ;5至 9月份为活动高峰期 ,茶树旺盛生长 ,害虫、天敌大量繁衍活动 ;4和 1 0月份是过渡期 ,茶树、害虫与天敌均由越冬转入活动或由活动转入越冬。体现了天敌 -害虫 -茶树之间的追随与平衡状态。根据各个时期群落的特点可以采取相应的综合治理措施。因此 ,改善茶园生态环境 ,加强茶园管理 ,减少化学农药的使用是茶园害虫生态控制的基础和保证。

There are 250hm 2 tea plantations in Heng Mountain,Hu′nan Province.Tea plants were planted in the early 1960's.Peasants used organic chlorine pesticide and organophosphorous pesticide when they planted tea trees.Tea plant insect pests however seriously occurred such as Euproctis pseudoconspersa Stand, Empoasca ritis (gothe), Aleurocanthue spiniferus Quaint, Clania minuscaula Butler,etc.Since 1979,ecological control has been implemented and chemical pesticide has thus been prohibited.Planting trees around tea plantations and intercropping green crops or bean crops in tea plantations has improved the ecological environment.Measures have been taken such as improving cultivation methods,increasing organic fertilizers such as manure,complex fertilizers with P and K,and protecting and using natural enemies to increase the ability of pest control.All the above mentioned measures can control pest attack.Systematic investigation has been carried out and the species and quantity of pests were analyzed by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA.) The results showed that because the ecological environment is good and chemical pesticides haven't been used for many years,the species of insect pests and natural enemies are increasing.The numbers however are becoming fewer in tea plantations under ecological control.The ratio of pest to natural enemy population is in a more balanced state.The seasonal dynamics of this population is influenced by the weather,the state of growth of tea plants and the picking of tea leaves.The seasonal dynamics of insect pests and natural enemies and the state of growth of tea plants both show similar tendencies.From November to the next March is the over-winter period,from May to September is the peak growth period and the months of April and October are just two transition periods.The seasonal dynamics show the following balanced phenomena between natural enemies,insect pests and tea plants.Such m easures as improving the ecological environment,strengthening the cultivation methods,decreasing the quantity of pesticides are a secure foundation to integrate the control of pests in tea plantations under ecological control.