BIOME系列模型:主要原理与应用

BIOME MODELS: MAIN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

基于过程的平衡态陆地生物圈模型_BIOME系列及其动态发展 (LPJ_DGVM :Sitchetal.,2 0 0 0 )已经成为模拟大尺度 (全球至区域 )的植被地理分布、净第一性生产力和碳平衡以及预测气候变化对陆地生态系统潜在影响的有效工具。本文综述了BIOME系列模型的发展过程 ,包括每个模型的主要原理、优点和缺陷 ,论述了模型在国际以及我国全球变化研究中的应用 ,并简单讨论了模型未来发展的趋势。以植物功能型作为基本研究单元 ,BIOME系列模型的控制因素从单纯的生物气候变量和生态生理限制因子 (BIOME1) ,发展为碳和水通量的耦合以及引入资源的有效性和竞争、干扰因子 (BIOME2和BIOME3) ,最后切入植被与环境因子的动态过程 ,成为一个全球植被动态模型 (DGVM) ,使得该模型系列日臻完善 ,能够有效地帮助我们评价未来气候变化、土地利用、自然和人为干扰等对潜在自然植被格局和动态的影响 ,较好地模拟过去植被的变化以与孢粉、湖面等数据进行比较。动态模型必将迅速发展并与平衡态模型共进 ,它们直接与大气环流模式相耦合 ,增强科学家对未来植被与气候模拟和预测的能力。

Process_based equilibrium terrestrial biosphere models - BIOME series models (BIOME1: Prentice et al .,1992;BIOME2: Haxeltine et al .,1996;BIOME3: Haxeltine & Prentice,1996;BIOME4: Kaplan,2001) and their development to a dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ_DGVM: Sitch et al ., 2000) have become a common means to predict vegetation distribution,net primary production and carbon cycle at large scales from regional to global,and to evaluate the potential consequences of climate change on the structure and functions of terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper the author reviews the procedure of building these BIOME models,including the main principle,advantage and shortcoming of each model. Applications of these models to global change studies internationally and in China are then synthesized. Finally a future development of this kind of model is simply discussed. On the basis of individual plant functional types, bio_climatic factors and eco_ physiological constraints accounted for the gross qualitative features of biome distribution in the first BIOME model (BIOME1). Such constraints and coupled carbon and water flux,resource availability and competition,disturbance have been incorporated into these rule_based vegetation models (BIOME2 and BIOME3). Finally,BIOME models developed to a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) simulating the biogeochemical process of terrestrial ecosystems and impacts of land use changes in a better way. The BIOME models will help in assessing impacts of future climate or land use changes, and human and natural disturbances on potential natural vegetation patterns and processes. The models will also be useful in simulating palaeo_vegetation changes for comparison with data from pollen analysis (BIOME 6000 project). The Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) are under development and will forge ahead with equilibrium models. They will be incorporated directly into Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) in order to increase the scientific abilities of simulating and predicting future vegetation and climate.