岩石变形和破坏力学的基本问题

Basic Problems of Deformation and Failure in Rock Mechanics

岩石具有非均匀和各向异性的特征 ,是非连续介质和复杂的流变体结构。岩石变形和破坏方面的理论可以分成两个基本方向 :变形固体的经典力学和位错理论。这些方法用于研究岩石的变形与破坏 ,取得了较大的成功但均具有局限性。所以 ,目前还不具有真正意义上的岩石力学。建议对岩石的变形过程和破坏必须至少在三个规模构造水平 (宏观、细观和微观 )上同时加以研究。指出了在研究岩石变形和破坏时平移和旋转是有机相互联系的。变形构造水平所有等级体系随后的演化 ,正好使破坏在不同规模上形成有次序的发展 ,直到形成宏观的破坏。

Rock shares both the heterogeneous and anisotropic characteristics, with the structure of non continuous medium and that of rheologic media. The theories on deformation and failure of rock are basically grouped into two. One is the classic dynamics of deformed solid, and the other is dislocation theory. These theories have proved very successful when applied in the study of deformation and failure of rock, but both remain limited at the same time. Therefore, there has been so far no rock mechanics of real sense. The paper suggests that there should be simultaneously three tectonic levels, the macro level, meso level and micro level on which the study of deformation process and destruction of rock can be made.It should be pointed out that translation and rotation are interrelated in the study of deformation and failure of rock. The following evolutions of tectonic deformation at different levels happen to make failure develop on differnet scales and in a certain order until macro failure is formed.This method can integrate the achievements in deformation solid physics and those in mechanics and apply them in the study of the basic problems in rock mechanics.