国际水法基本原则技术评注及其实施战略

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL WATER LAW: TECHNICAL COMMENTARY AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGY

国际水法是协调与解决国际河流中流域国家间的国际水利用分歧与矛盾的主要方法 ,经过长期的发展 ,形成了 7个主要基本原则 :公平合理利用、不造成重大危害、一般合作义务、互通信息与资料、维持与保护水资源及其生态系统、自由通航和补偿原则。文中通过对以上基本原则的技术性、科学性的评注 ,为我国在国际河流水资源开发利用与保护中 ,如何履行或实施其原则提出相关战略对策 :加强国内国际河流水资源本底的调查研究 ,制定符合国际惯例的流域水资源利用与保护规划 ;加强与流域国、国际组织与国际社会间的交流与合作 ,提高我国境内国际河流水资源利用率 ;引进技术与资金 。

International Water Law is the major manner to coordinate and resolve the conflicts or disputes on water resources utilization among riparian states in international river basins. Through long-term development, seven basic principles in international water law have been come into being: equitable and reasonable utilization, no significant harm, general obligation to cooperation, regular exchange of data and information, conservation and protection of water resources, navigation freedom and its ecosystem and compensation rules. Viewed from the technical and scientific perspectives, comments on these seven basic principles are presented. And then, corresponding strategies for China to implement these principles in international activities concerning water resources development and protection are suggested. As argued in this paper, to make water resources development planning accordant with the international practices, to promote international communication and cooperation with governmental and non-governmental organizations, to import funds and technologies for the protection of the ecosystem of international river basins, and so forth, are the effective methods for China to achieve the conservation and development of water resources of international rivers.