发展伦理学的价值革命

Value Revolution in Development Ethics

传统发展模式是一种只有动力机制而缺少评价和规范机制的发展模式。它在解决“如何发展”的问题上相当成功 ,而在解决“什么样的发展才是好的发展”的问题上却是失败的。发展伦理学正是为解决这个问题提出来的 ,是对社会发展本身的价值关怀和伦理关怀。在对“自然价值”的理解上 ,发展伦理学克服了传统价值观和生态价值观的片面性 ,合理地解决了自然界所具有的“工具性价值”与“环境价值”、“存在性价值”与“消费性价值”的内在冲突 ,为可持续发展提供了价值的、伦理的基础。消费主义价值观的基本特征是消费价值对使用价值的背离 ,这是一种不可持续的挥霍性的消费价值观。实现可持续发展需要一场消费方式和消费观的革命。把人类的利益、子孙后代的利益作为评价和规范社会发展的最高的价值尺度和伦理尺度 。

The traditional development pattern only has mechanism of motive power but lacks that of assessment and standard. It succeeds in finding the way to develop but fails in supplying the standard for a good model. Development ethics, with the value and ethic concern for the social development itself, is raised right for this problem. In the understanding of 'natural value', it overcomes the one-sidedness of traditional and ecological values and supplies reasonable solutions to the natural world inner conflict between 'tool value' and 'environment value' as well as that between 'existing value' and 'consuming value', which consequently provides the basic for the sustainable development in terms of value and ethic. Consumerism values mainly characterized by the inaccordance between the consumption value and the utilization value is unsustainable and wasterful. A revolution of pattem and value in consumpion is needed to realize the sustainable development. It is the ultimate choice for development ethics to regard the interests of human being and their descendents as the highest value and ethic criterion in assessing and standardizing the development of the society.