汤因比的文明忧患论

On Suffering of Civilization of Toynbee

斯宾格勒在历史哲学的发展过程中第一次敲响了西方文明的警钟。汤因比正是从对西方文明的忧患中展开其历史研究的。“挑战与应战”的原理是汤因比文明忧患论的积极发挥。晚年汤因比关注的范围由西方文明扩大到人类面临的全球性问题 。

Spengler observes the problem of the West civilization in philosophy of history.Toynbee starts from suffering of civilization in his study on history and puts forward the theory of 'Challenge and Response.'In his later years,Toynbee shows solicitute for the global problems of the human being and tries to find solutions to them.