儒家王权受命说及在汉晋间之嬗代

Confucian theory of royalty's being determined by God and its evolution from the Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty

在中国古代社会 ,儒家王权受命说主要根源于开国之君及其先祖的圣德与武功。不过 ,自先秦延及两汉的儒家“圣王革命”、“顺天应人”的王权受命理论在认识上 ,使得王朝的改换或传延被视为“天予人归”的必然结果。这一儒家学说对汉晋间政治既起着昭示警戒作用 ,更在一定程度上麻醉着统治者及其黎民百姓。在汉魏禅代、魏晋易姓的王朝和平过渡中 ,权臣在利用儒家这一学说时篡改了先秦儒家的由内圣而外王的真精神。

In ancient China,Confucian theory of royalty's being determined by God mainly originated from the virtue and military accomplishments of the founder of a state and his ancestors.However,the theories of Confucian Shengwang Revolution and following the mandate of Heaven and complying with the popular wishes of the people from the pre Qin period to the Eastern and Western Han Dynasties cognitively made a dynasty's being replaced by a new one and its continuity be regarded as the inevitable result of both Heaven and the peole turned to to him a ruler .This theory played a warning role in the political affairs between the Han Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty,but to some extent,it anaesthetized both rulers and the common people.In the peaceful transition from the Han Dynasty to the Wei Dynasty and from the Wei Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty,powerful officials distorted the true spirit of pre Qin period's Confucian theory of a ruler's being from Neisheng to Waiwang in applying this Confucian theory.