谈古代汉语中的“以……为……”结构

A Discussion on the Structure of "Yi…Wei…" in Classical Chinese

“以……为……”是古汉语中出现频率较高的凝固结构。它的用法主要有四种情况 :一是“以”、“为”都充当动词 ,连用构成兼语式的意动句 ;二是“以”、“为”都作动词 ,连用构成兼语式的使动句 ;三是“以”作介词 ,用“以”构成介宾短语作动词“为”的状语 ,表示动词“为”所凭借或依据的对象 ;四是“以”充当连词 ,与动词“为”连用 ,表示“为”这个动作是“以”前面动词所表动作行为的目的。

Yi…Wei…' is a fixed structure used frequently in classical Chinese. It has the following usage. First, 'Yi…Wei…' can be used as verb, with the meaning of ' consider…as…'; the object of 'Yi' could be the subject of 'wei'. Second, in the same structure, it has another meaning of 'make…do…' Third, while 'Wei' used as a verb, 'Yi' can be used as a prepositional modifier of 'Wei', and the prepositional phrase is to reveal the object on which the verb 'Wei' depends. Fourth, use 'Yi' as a conjunction and 'Wei' as a verb. The act of 'Wei' is the purpose of the act of 'Yi'.