美日返还冲绳施政权谈判中的核密约问题考

Secret Minute to Nuclear Weapon Issue During the Administrative Rights of Okinawa Reversion Negotiations Between the U.S.and Japan

本文通过对有关历史当事人的著述资料和美日两国政府解密档案的互证研究,阐明核密约问题①在美日返还冲绳施政权谈判过程中产生的根源及其对美日关系发展的影响。在返还冲绳施政权谈判的过程中,美国政府始终追求通过签署秘密协定的方式解决紧急事态时期在冲绳重新部署核武器问题。日本政府的立场则从最初坚持"撤除核武器、冲绳基地与本土基地相同、不缔结特别协定或秘密协定",逐渐转向接受美国政府的各项要求。此乃美日核密约问题产生的根源。佐藤荣作首相的秘密外交路线,决定了若泉敬的特定作用。返还冲绳施政权以后,驻冲绳美军基地的地位与功能并没有发生根本性质的变化。伴随着美国海军航空母舰战斗群将横须贺基地作为母港,直到冷战终结,美日两国政府都是将搭载核武器的美军舰船进入日本领海作为"事前协商"的例外事项处理的。美日安保体制中的"事前协商"制度和日本政府的"无核三原则"日益空洞化。

This paper explored the source of secret minute to the nuclear weapon issue during the administrative rights of Okinawa reversion negotiations between the U. S. and Japan and its impact on the U. S. and Japanese relations, based on the corroboration of each other and the memories and writings of persons concerned, as well as the declassified documents of the U. S. government and the Japanese government. During the administrative rights of Okinawa reversion negotiations, the U.S. government was always seeking to solve the re-entry of nuclear weapons in Okinawa in time of great emergency by signing secret minute. The position of the Japanese government dramatically changed from ＂adhering to the Denuclearize, the military base in Okinawa being treated in the same way as the military base in Japan, not signing special minute or secret minute＂ in the early stage, to accepting the requests of the U. S. government. This was the origin of the secret minute of the two governments with respect to nuclear weapons. The special role of Wakaizumi Kei was decided by the secret diplomatic route of Prime Eisaku Sato. After the administrative right of Okinawa reversion, no fundamental changes have taken place in the status and function in the U. S. military base in Okinawa. Along with the Yokosuka Base becoming the home port of the U. S. Navy Aircraft Carrier Fleet, the two governments regarded entrance of the U. S. Navy ships with nuclear weapons into the Japanese territorial waters as an exception with respect to prior consultation until the end of the Cold War Era. The ＂Prior Consultation in the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security＂ between the U. S. and Japan and the ＂Three Non-nuclear Principles＂ of the Japanese government are only becoming increasingly nominal.