气煤冲突与产权保护:法经济学视角

Conflicts between Coal and Coalbed Methane and the Protection of Property Rights:An Analysis from Law and Economics

煤层气与煤炭企业冲突的本质是产权的不相容使用。这种不相容使用会导致负外部性,也就是侵权。当产权受到侵害时,人们可以通过财产规则、责任规则和不可让与规则对财产进行保护。在监管失灵和法律缺失的情境下,自利的煤炭和煤层气企业可能会选择"丛林法则"进行维权,致使冲突升级。要解决气煤冲突,可以通过与煤层气相关的法律、法规等约束条件的变化,改变煤层气和煤炭企业的激励与约束机制,促使自利的煤层气和煤炭企业从冲突走向合作。

The essence of conflicts between coal and coalbed methane is the incompatible use of property rights which leads to negative externality or torts. People often protect their properties by property rules, lia- bility rules or inalienability when they are infringed. The self-interest enterprises may protect their properties by Law of Jungle which escalates the conflicts if they are in the situation of lawlessness and regulation fail- ure. In order to solve this problem and promote the cooperation between the coal and coalbed methane enter- prises, we have to reform the laws and rules which are related to coalbed methane.