明清时期的《五伦全备记》和《香囊记》接受考论

Textual Research & Demonstration on the Reception of Story of Possessing the Five Human Relationships & Story of the Sachet in Ming & Qing Dynasties

《五伦全备记》和《香囊记》是中国古代戏曲史上两部非常重要的作品,其问世不久,学界即从思想性和艺术性等方面对其多所指摘。不过,明清时期绝大多数观众对学界的上述指摘不仅不予认同,反而表现出极大的观剧热情。此后,这两部剧作又继续风行舞台达300余年之久。从学理上说,古今学人对这两部剧作的批评可谓可中肯綮;但从传播和接受效果上看,这两部剧作无论在思想性还是艺术性上都有让人难以割舍之处。由此可见,即使这两部剧作在主题上存在着严重的教化倾向、在情节安排与人物塑造上表现出明显的概念化和简单化的特点、在曲词的结撰上流于矫枉过正式的俗化或雅化,处在特定时代背景下的各地观众仍然有充足的理由一如既往地喜爱它们。

In the history of classical Chinese drama, Story of Possessing the Five Human Relationships; ＆ Story of the Sachet are two important drama works. Soon after they came onto the stage, academics picked faults and criticized them from the ideological and artistic aspects in succession. But the audience found it hard to identify with the academic circle, they had deep love for the dramas directly opposite. From then on, the two drama works were still in the popular stage for over 300 years. Although academic criticism of the two drama works hit the nail right on the head, the effect of stage transmission made the audience difficult to give up. That is to say moralizing gravely, conceptualization of the plot, over-simplication of dramatic characters, more elegant or popular drama lines still could not hold back the audience love the two works. In a word, against the background of the Ming ＆ Qing dynasties, the audience had enough reasons love the dramas as before, just like their predecessors.