2013年上海市奉贤区铸造企业作业场所空气中矽尘浓度检测结果

Test results of silica dust in the air of workplaces in foundry enterprise in Fengxian District of Shanghai in 2013

目的了解上海市奉贤区铸造企业在生产环境中所产生矽尘的职业危害和分布规律,为改善作业环境,保护作业人员健康,提供科学依据。方法对产生矽尘企业进行职业卫生学调查,按国家有关标准和规范对作业工人进行个体采样,并检测生产环境空气中的时间加权平均浓度（CTWA）。结果对63名作业工人进行个体采样,男性55人,女性8人;年龄最小为23岁,最大58岁,平均年龄40.4岁。矽尘浓度范围0.2~9.0 mg/m3,平均浓度为（2.27±1.95）mg/m3,中位数为1.60 mg/m3。矽尘浓度检测合格率为23.8%。各工种在空气中矽尘浓度检测合格率差异无统计学意义（χ2=6.226,P〉0.05）。不同接尘工龄矽尘浓度检测合格率差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.078,P〈0.05）。结论应重点加强对35~49岁组和接尘工龄1~9 a组职业卫生健康监护,进一步加强生产工艺改革和通风排毒防护措施、改善作业环境,有效控制矽肺职业病的发生。

[Objective〗To understand the occupational hazards and distribution of silica dust in production environment of foundry enterprise in Fengxian district, provide basis for improving the working environment and protecting the workers ＇ health.[Methods]According to the relevant state health standards and norms,occupational hygiene survey was conducted in the enterprises which caused silica dust,the dusts in working environment were sampled,and the permissible concentration-time weighted average（ CTWA） was detected.[Results]63 workers were selected,55 males and 8 females; the youngest worker was 23 and the oldest was 58,the average age was 40. 4. The concentration range of silica dust was 0. 2-9. 0 mg /m3,mean concentration was（ 2.27 ±1.95） mg/m3,the median was1.60 mg/m3. The qualified rate of silica dust concentration was 23. 8%. The difference of the qualified rate of silica dust concentration in different fields was not statistically significant（ χ2= 6. 226,P 0. 05）. The difference of the qualified rate of silica dust concentration in different length of exposure to dust was statistically significant（ χ2= 9. 078,P 0. 05）.[Conclusion]The occupational health surveillance should be focused on the 35-50 age group and the length of exposure to dust which is 1-9 years. The factories should further strengthen the transformation of production process and ventilation protective measures,improve the working environment and effectively control the silicosis occupational disease.