广州市番禺区某小型油漆化工企业职业病危害呼吸防护现状

Current situation of respiratory protection on occupational hazards in a small paint chemical enterprise in Panyu district of Guangzhou

目的了解广州市番禺区小型油漆化工企业职业病危害的呼吸防护现状,探讨存在的问题与不足,为指导企业合理配置、使用和管理呼吸防护用品提供依据。方法对番禺区某小型油漆化工企业职业病危害因素的浓度、防护措施以及工人佩戴的呼吸防护用品进行调查。结果该企业主要职业病危害因素是苯系物、乙酸丁酯、环己酮和滑石尘;企业用自然通风方式减低工作场所有害物质的浓度,并能达到预期效果;工人配备了自吸过滤式半面罩及P-A-1型滤毒元件,此呼吸防护用品对苯系物、乙酸丁酯、环己酮的防护是恰当的,但对滑石尘的防护没有效果。结论该企业的呼吸防护现状总体一般,主要是对滑石尘未能做到有效的防护;呼吸防护措施应根据职业病危害因素的种类、理化性质、暴露浓度、暴露时间、呼吸防护指数、预期暴露降低浓度、人体生理结构、个人体验、企业经济实力等来综合考虑呼吸防护用品的配置、使用和管理。

[Objective]To understand the current situation of respiratory protection on occupational hazards in a small paint chemical enterprise in Panyu district of Guangzhou,discuss the existing problems and shortcomings,provide basis for guiding the enterprise configure,use and manage the respiratory protective equipment reasonably. [Methods] The concentration of occupational hazard factors,protective measures and respiratory protective equipment in a small paint production chemical enterprise in Panyu district were investigated. [Results]The main occupational hazard factors of this enterprise were benzene series,butyl acetate,cyclohexanone and talc dust. The concentration of hazardous substance in workplace was reduced by natural ventilation and achieved the desired effect. Enterprise provided the self-absorption filter half masks and P-A-1 type filter elements for staff. This respiratory protective equipments were appropriate for benzene series,butyl acetate and cyclohexanone,but not effective for talc dust.[Conclusion]The current situation of respiratory protection in this enterprise is general,the talc dust did not achieve the effective protection. The respiratory protective equipments should be configured,used and managed according to the type of occupational hazard factors,physical and chemical properties,exposure concentration,respiratory protection index,exposure concentration that expected to reduce,physiological structure,personal experience and economic strengthen of enterprise.