张华《鹪鹩赋》与魏晋生存哲学试析

An Analysis of Zhang Hua's Jiao Liao Fu and Intellectuals Survival Philosophy in Wei and Jin Dynasties

张华《鹪鹩赋》及相关赋作,反映了魏晋士人在乱世背景中的处世智慧。张华因《鹪鹩赋》获誉于当时,但也受讥于后世。"鹪鹩"式处世哲学以入世为基础,以顺应名教为前提,反映了"名教即自然"的实践色彩。"名教即自然"理论层面与实践层面的差缪,是魏晋士人无法真正掌控自己命运的根本原因,也是魏晋生存哲学的深层困境所在。

Zhang Hua？s Jiao Liao Fu and related works reflected the intellectuals wisdoms in the troubled times during Wei and Jin dynasties.At that time Zhang Hua was honored for Jiao Liao Fu,and later was ridiculed for it.The mode of“Jiao Liao”philosophy on the basis of sec-ular life and complying with moral disciplines reflected the practical character of “Norm is Na-ture”.The paradox of“Norm is Nature”in theory and in practice was the root cause,that is in-tellectuals can not control their own destinies,and was also the deep dilemma of life philosophy of Wei and Jin dynasties.