垂直管理与属地管理的比较制度分析

A Comparative Institutional Analysis of Vertical Management and Jurisdictional Management

本文对垂直管理和属地管理进行了比较制度分析,弄清了在什么情况下宜实行垂直管理,在什么情况宜采用属地管理。在垂直管理体制下,中央政府把两项不同的任务分别委托给垂直管理机构和地方政府来完成;在属地管理体制下,中央政府把两项不同的任务同时委托给地方政府来完成。对于那些分开后会使任务困难增加程度变得比较大但合并后会使任务合并的风险增加程度变得比较小的任务,中央政府可以采用属地管理体制;对于那些分开后会使任务困难增加程度变得比较小但合并后会使任务合并的风险增加程度变得比较大的任务,中央政府可以采用垂直管理体制;对于那些分开后会使任务困难增加程度变得比较小且合并后也会使任务合并的风险增加程度变得比较小的任务,中央政府可以采用属地管理体制;对于那些分开后会使任务困难增加程度变得比较大且合并后也会使任务合并的风险增加程度变得比较大的任务,中央政府可以采用垂直管理体制,但是此时需要注意防范垂直管理机构和地方政府之间的合谋。

This paper conducts a comparative institutional analysis of vertical management and jurisdictional management. We find that under some conditions it is suitable for the central government to adopt the vertical management system, and that under other conditions it is suitable for the central government to adopt the jurisdictional management system. Under the vertical management system, the central government delegates two different tasks to the vertical management agency and the local gov- ernment, respectively. Under the jurisdictional management system, the central government delegates two different tasks to the local government simultaneously. When the other conditions remain unchanged, a rise in the increased degree of task difficulty will raise the possibility of the jurisdictional management system being superior, while a rise in the increased degree of risk for combined tasks will raise the possibility of the vertical management system being superior. If both the increased degree of task difficulty and the increased r degree of risk for combined tasks are classified into high-type and low-type, then there are four different combinations. The central government should adopt appropriate management modes corresponding to these four different combinations.