曹南冥与李退溪

Study on CAO Nan-ming and LI Tui-xi

在韩国儒学史上,曹南冥和李退溪都是大儒,他们的学术思想有异有同。曹南冥一生隐居不仕,李退溪则官运亨通;曹南冥为学注重道德实践,李退溪则重视学术认知;曹南冥强调"为己"之学,李退溪则尊重学统的延续。生平志业、学术传承和对理学之后儒学发展方向的不同理解,是二人学术思想分歧的根本原因。以此为基础,关于社会风俗败坏的根源、儒家修养中独善的严与放、兼善的急与缓、隐居不仕、韩国理学史人物评价等,二人都有或明确或含蓄的争论。在为人、为学方面,李退溪由于受奸人拨弄,对曹南冥有严重误解。总之,曹南冥与李退溪两人学术思想的分歧,乃是理想主义(曹南冥)与现实主义(李退溪)的思想冲突,这种性质的冲突有普遍性。

In the history of Korean Confucianism, CAO Nan-ming and LI Tui-xi are both great Confucians, whose academic thoughts have their own differences and similarities. CAO Nan-ruing lived in seclusion and never took office in government while LI Tui-xi had a successful official career; CAO Nanming put emphasis on moral practice in his learning while LI Tui-xi attached importance to academic cognition ; CAO Nan-ming emphasized ＂the doctrine of self-cultivation＂ while LI Tui-xi showed more respect for the continuation of tradition. The fundamental reason of their academic thinking differences lies in their respective understanding of lifetime aspirations, academic inheritance and Confucian development direction after Neo-Confucianism. Thus, they both had specific and implicit disputes on such issues as the root of social customs corruption, the strictness and relaxation of self-perfection in Confucianism, the haste and slow of serving for society, being a hermit or an official, the comments on Korean Neo-Confu- cians and so on. Due to some villains＇ provocations, LI Tui-xi had serious misunderstandings about CAO Nan-ming＇s morality and academic ideas. In a word, the divergences between CAO Nan-ruing and LI Tui- xi are actually the ideological conflicts between idealism and realism, and such kind of conflicts is univer- sal.