人际沟通中的语言偏向及影响因素

Linguistic Bias and Its Influencing Factors in Interpersonal Communication

语言偏向是指因交流目标所属社会范畴不同而造成的语言使用差异。目前对语言偏向的研究主要集中在语言群际偏向(LIB)、语言期望偏向(LEB)以及否定偏向(NB)。对语言偏向的理论解释主要包括动机机制和认知机制。语言偏向受到沟通者的认知与刻板印象、情绪、人格特质、群体认同、沟通目标、沟通情境等因素的影响。拓展语言偏向的心理机制、类型与应用研究、创新研究方法以及开展汉语本土化研究是语言偏向研究的未来方向。

The linguistic bias can be defined as a systematic asymmetry in word choice as a function of the social category to which the target belong. Researches of linguistic bias mainly focus on linguistic intergroup bias （LIB）, linguistic expectancy bias （LEB） and negation bias （NB）. The theoretical explanations of linguistic bias include motivation mechanism and cognition mechanism. Cognition and stereotypes of communicator, mood, traits of personality, group identity, communicative purposes and other factors affect the linguistic bias in interpersonal communication. Expanding the researches of psychological mechanisms, types and applied researches, innovating the research methods, and making more localization studies in the Chinese context are the future research directions of linguistic bias.