医学微生物学实验教学改革与实践

Reform and practice of medical microbiology experiment teaching

整合优化医学微生物学实验课内容为基础技能与验证性实验、系统性实验和设计性实验三部分。基础技能与验证性实验在理论授课的同时进行，利用多媒体讲解实验的原理、方法及技术要点，让学生提前观看教学网站上相关操作演示视频，教师示范操作后再让学生独立实验，着重强调掌握微生物学的无菌操作技术、染色技术、显微技术和纯培养等实验操作技能。系统性实验在大多数理论课完成后进行，实验时间可根据实验内容进行相应调整，主要采取以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning， PBL）。设计性实验在实验课后期、理论课结束后进行，由学生自愿参与，采用科研课题与实验教学融合实施。从预习实验到实验操作、实验报告，直至最后的实验考试，形成贯穿教学全过程的多方位考核。

The experiment contents were integrated into three parts such as basic skills and verification experiment, systematic experiment and designing experiment. Basic skills and confirmatory experiments were performed alone with theory teaching by combination of modern teaching methods and traditional teaching methods, which consisted of “speaking”（experimental principles, methods and main technical points using multimedia）, “looking”（demonstrating related operation on teaching website）, teachers＇ demonstration, students＇ doing experiment independently and summarizing. In this part, the experimental operation skills such as the sterile operation technology, staining technology, microscopy technology and pure culture were emphasized. Systemic experiments would be carried out after completion of the most theory, the experiment time could be adjusted according to the experiment content, and the PBL teaching method was taken in this stage. After the theory teaching of Medical Microbiology was finished, students voluntarily participated in design experiments in the last stage, which were the fusion of scientific research subject and the experimental teaching. From the preview experiment, experiment operation, experiment report, to the final test, the multi-dimensional evaluation was implemented throughout the course of experiment teaching.