兰州市女性乳腺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

A case-control study on the risky factors of breast cancer in Lanzhou City

目的探讨兰州市女性乳腺癌的危险因素。方法用病例对照研究的方法,对经病理确诊的100例乳腺癌患者及经年龄频数匹配（±3.5岁）的100例患者对照资料进行非条件logistic回归分析。结果月经周期不规则（OR=12.942,95%CI：1.645～101.034）、流产史（OR=2.769,95%CI：0.267～0.930）、长期被动吸烟（OR=2.321,95%CI：1.438～9.214）、口服避孕药服用史（OR=4.589,95%CI：1.199～17.496）、良性乳腺疾病史（OR=1.656,95%CI：0.458～5.715）、腌制类食品年摄入量高（OR=3.218,95%CI：1.681～5.319）及生活负性事件（OR=2.650,95%CI：1.562～4.424）可能是兰州市女性乳腺癌发生的危险因素。经常参加体育锻炼（OR=0.312,95%CI：0.031～0.813）、月经初潮年龄晚（OR=0.521,95%CI：0.267～0.930）、新鲜豆类（OR=0.587,95%CI：0.466～0.712）和新鲜蔬菜水果（OR=0.832,95%CI：0.412～0.631）摄入量高则降低乳腺癌发生的风险。结论减少口服避孕药及腌制类食品的摄入,增加新鲜水果、新鲜豆类摄入,加强体育锻炼,可减少乳腺癌的发病;对患有良性乳腺疾病的妇女加强体检,加大乳腺癌预防及健康宣传工作可预防乳腺癌的发生。

Objective To investigate the breast cancer risky factors for the women in Lanzhou City of Gansu Province.Methods With the case-control study,100 cases with breast cancer pathologically proved and 100 health controls frequently matched by age（±3.5 years） were interviewed.Unconditional logistic model was used to analyze the data.Results Irregularity of menstruation periods（OR=12.942,95%CI：1.645～101.034）,abortion（OR=2.769,95%CI：0.267～0.930）,along-term passive smoking（OR=2.321,95%CI：1.438～9.214）,oral contraceptive pills history（OR=4.589,95%CI：1.199～17.496）,benign breast disease history（OR=1.656,95%CI：0.458～5.715） and more preserved foods intake（OR=3.218,95%CI：1.681～5.319） and negative life events（OR=2.650,95%CI：1.562～4.424） might be associated with the increasing breast cancer risk in Lanzhou City.Frequent physical exercise（OR=0.44,95%CI：0.26～0.74）,being younger age at menarche（OR=0.19,95%CI：0.06～0.65）,more fresh soybean intake（OR=0.07,95%CI：0.04～0.13） and fresh fruits intake（OR=0.30,95%CI：0.18～0.48） might be associated with the decreasing breast cancer risk.Conclusion Reducing oral contraceptive pills and preserved foods,increasing fresh fruits and soybeans intake,doing more physical exercises,increasing the screening frequency for women with benign breast disease,and enhancing the prevention and education measures are the measures for breast cancer prevention.