大兴安岭盘古林场森林健康评价与分析

Assessment and analysis on forest health of Pangu forest farm in Daxing'anling mountains of China

以2008年盘古林场森林资源规划设计调查资料、2011年固定样地调查资料以及盘古林场小班尺度森林健康评价结果为数据源来评价景观尺度森林健康,以地类、起源及树种组成作为森林景观区划因子对盘古林场森林景观类型进行划分,从景观结构与格局、景观功能与过程两个方面选取了小班健康指数、分形维数及景观多样性指数3个评价指标,以均方差决策综合分析方法作为指标权重的确定方法,以景观健康指数公式为评价模型对盘古林场森林景观进行健康评价。结果表明:(1)盘古林场主要划分为天然白桦纯林、天然落叶松纯林、天然樟子松纯林、天然云杉纯林、天然山杨纯林、天然针叶混交林、天然阔叶混交林、天然针阔混交林、人工落叶松纯林和人工针阔混交林10种森林景观类型。(2)盘古林场没有健康的森林景观,亚健康森林景观有3种,占林场总面积的78.51%;中健康森林景观类型有4种,占林场总面积的21.03%;不健康森林景观有1种,占林场总面积的0.32%;盘古林场森林健康指数得分总体偏低,多数景观处于亚健康及中健康状况。(3)健康指数得分情况大体为南高北低;在天然林中落叶松林得分最高,针叶混交林其次,而阔叶混交林得分偏低;2种人工林类型得分最低。

By taking the forest resources planning and design investigation data of Pangu Forest Farm in 2008, the investigation data of permanent sample plot in 2011 and the forest health assessment data with sub-compartment as the scale as the data sources, the forest health of the tested forest farm with landscape as the scale were estimated; By taking the plot types, origin and tree species composition as the forest landscape division factors, forest landscape types of the farm were divided; the sub-compartment health index, fractal dimension and landscape diversity were selected as the evaluation indexes from the aspects of landscape structure and pattern, landscape function and process; the health of forest landscape of Pangu Forest Farm was evaluated with mean square error decisionmaking comprehensive analysis method as the determination method of weight and by taking the index formula of landscape health as the evaluation model. The results show that（1） the forests of Pangu Forest Farm were mainly divided into 10 forest landscape types, including pure Betula platyphylla forest, nature pure Larix gmelinii forest, nature pure Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, nature pure Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forest, nature pure Populus davidiana forest, nature coniferous mixed forest, nature broad-leaved mixed forest, nature conifer and broad leaf mixed forest, artificial Larix gmelinii forest, artificial conifer and broad leaf mixed forest.（2）There was no healthy forest landscape in the farm; there were3 types of sub-health forest types, accounting for 78.51% of the farm＇s total forest area; there were 4 types of medium-health forest landscape types, accounting for 21.03% of the total forest area and there is there was 1 type of un-health forest landscape type, accounting for 0.32% of the total forest area; the sco res of health index of forests in Pangu Forest Farm were low overall, and most landscapes were in sub-health and medium-health state.（3） The scores of health index was high in the south and low in the north overall; among the natural forests, Larix gmelinii forest had the highest score, followed by coniferous mixed forest, while the score of broad leaved mixed forest was lower than the mean level and the two artificial fo rests had the lowest scores.