20世纪下半叶农药与农村日常生活——基于山西省部分农村基层档案的经济史学考察

Pesticides and Daily Life in the Rural Areas during the Second Half of the 20th Century

从20世纪50年代起,化学农药逐步推广使用,对于防治病虫害、保证农业生产发挥了重要作用。随着农药的广泛使用,农民和农药的关系也开始形成,农药的生产性、生活性中毒成为乡村日常生活的新现象。农药中毒事件和农村生产经营组织形式密切相关,从20世纪50年代至80年代,农药中毒事件经历分散、集中、分散的演变过程。人民公社时期,群体性农药中毒事故多发,原因是农药管理和安全使用制度存在疏漏,基层干部和农民的安全防范意识不强。

Since the 1950s onwards, chemical pesticides have gradually come into wide use in pest control and promoting agricultural production. With the increasing use of pesticides, a toxic relationship between the farmers and the pesticides began to take shape as the productive poisoning and the poisoning of life were becoming a new phenomenon in rural daily life. Pesticide poisoning is closely related to the form of rural production and management organizations. From the 1950s to the 1980s, the pesticide poisoning cases have changed their features from dispersing to centralizing and most recently to decentralizing. During the People＇s Commune period, mass pesticide poisoning multiplied because of rampant neglects in pesticide management and safe use system and low awareness of security on the part of grassroots cadres and farmers.