论《剪灯新话》中的“人鬼恋”及其文化意义

The Love Between Man and Ghosts in Jian Deng Xin Hua and Their Cultural Meanings

作为文学母题的人鬼恋有着很深的历史文化渊源。明初文言短篇小说集《剪灯新话》中有多篇描写人鬼相恋的作品,大致可分三种类型:邂逅型、主动性和还魂型。其中的女鬼形象又可分为三类:因爱而死又为情而活型、主动寻爱贤惠识礼型、不甘寂寞邪恶害人型。这些人鬼恋作品有着深刻的文化内涵:一是刻画了元末明初的大动乱带给人们的时代伤痕;二是歌颂男女至情,淋漓尽致地展现情欲,形成扬情抗理的思想倾向,具有思想启蒙意义;三是瞿祐性情与遭际的一种彰显。

The love between mankind and ghosts as a literary topic has deep historical and cultural origins. There are a lot of works describing the love between man and ghosts in the collection of shot stories ＂Jian Deng Xin Hua＂ in the Ming dynasty. According to the types of love, these works can be divided into three categories： meeting by chance, searching for love and soul coming back to the body. In accordance with the fi gures of female ghosts, it can also be divided into three categories： ghosts dying for love and living for love, ghosts searching for love, and evil ghosts. These works has the profound cultural connotation. Firstly, they described the harm of turbulent times. Secondly, most of the stories are not afraid to break up the old traditions of chastity and show their love as they like. Else, it shows Quyou＇s characters and experiences.