论“都”不具有“已经”的语法意义——兼与郭春贵先生商榷

"Dou" Does Not Have The Grammatical Meaning of "Yijing"

"都"作为副词除了表示总括的范围意义外,还可以表示强调的语气。它并不兼表"已经"的语法意义。通过对比可以发现,"都……了"含有的"已经"义不是"都"带来的,而是"了"负载的。"都"的语气意义不宜用"甚至"解释,而是强调说话者主观上认为某种情况超过应有的或一般的限度。

As an advert, ＂dou＂（all,都） can express the meaning of the all scope, it can also express the tone of stress. It does not have the meaning of ＂yijing＂（already 已经）. By contrast, it can be found that the meaning of ＂yijing＂ in ＂dou…le＂（ 都…了） has nothing with ＂dou＂, but with ＂le＂. The meaning of the tone of ＂dou＂ should not be explained by ＂shenzhi＂（ 甚至）, it stressed that the speaker subjectively thinks some condition exceeds the proper or general limits.