中国老年人医疗服务需要和利用——基于1998—2008年的国家卫生服务调查数据

Health care need and utilization among China's aged population: Data from the National Health Services Survey 1998 to 2008

目的:分析我国60岁及以上老年人口医疗服务需要和利用的变化趋势,以更好地应对人口老龄化,为完善老年人医疗服务体系提供科学依据。方法:利用1998、2003和2008年三次国家卫生服务调查的资料和分析报告,对老年人患病、就诊、住院及费用情况进行时间趋势与增长率变化分析。结果:1998—2008年,老年人的两周患病率从29.0%上升到43.2%,慢性病患病率从50.2%上升到59.5%,两周就诊率从31.7%略降至28.3%,住院率从7.9%增加到13.8%,因经济困难应住院未住院的比例仍然较高。结论:慢性病已经成为危害老年人健康的主要问题,经济负担能力仍大大制约老年人口卫生服务利用,对人口老龄化做出快速反应的卫生体系建设迫在眉睫。

Objective： To explore trends in health care need and utilization among China＇s aged population and provide a reference for policy-making on medical service provision for the aging population. Methods： The paper ana- lyzes prevalence, outpatient utilization, hospitalization, and medical expenses of the aging population using large comparable sample data from National Health Services Survey in 1998, 2003 and 2008. Results： From 1998 to 2008, the two-week prevalence rate ranged from 29.0% to 43.2% ; the prevalence rate of chronic diseases ranged from 50.2% to 59.5% ; the two-week visiting rate ranged from 31.7% to 28.3% ; and the hospitalization rate ranged from 7.9% to 13.8%. Conclusion： Chronic diseases have been the major health issues of the aging popula- tion. The financial burden greatly reduces the utilization of medical care among the aged population. A health system that can respond to the aged population quickly is much needed.