宁夏奶牛场布鲁氏菌病基线调查

A baseline survey report on brucellosis in dairy farms in Ningxia

为全面了解宁夏地区布鲁氏菌病在畜间和人间流行现状,宁夏动物疾病预防控制中心对100头以上奶牛场奶牛及相关从业人员开展了布鲁氏菌病流行病学和影响因素基线调查。2008-2013年,共检测奶牛252858头,其中阳性2480头,阳性率0.98%,阳性率呈下降趋势;2008—2013年,人间病例以40～49岁年龄组病例数最多,30～59岁区间累计发病数占总病例数的68.9%,感染布鲁氏菌病人数呈递增趋势;3～5月份和8～10月份为牛布鲁氏菌病发病高峰期,且4月份达到年度发病顶峰。畜间阳性率降低主要与检测对象、是否免疫疫苗等有关,使用弱菌疫苗存在畜群内传播扩散和感染人的风险;造成人间布鲁氏菌病年龄分布差异的主要原因包括人接触传染源的机会,从业人员自我防护意识较差,防护措施不到位。

To understand current status of bovine brucellosis status in livestock and human in Ningxia, epidemiologi- cal surveys of bovine tuberculosis and the influencing factors were conducted among cows and related employees in dairy farms with more than 100 cows. A total of 252858 cows were detected from 2008 to 2013, among which 2480 cows were brucellosis positive with a positive rate of 0.98%, showing a declined tendency. From 2008 to 2013, the most cases among human were found in 40-49 years-old group, and the accumulated incidence accounted for 68.9% of total cases in 30-59 years old group, suggesting an increasing trend. The bovine brucellosis incidence peak was in March to May and August to October, and the annual incidence peak was in April. The decrease of positive rates in livestock was closely related with the animals tested and the vaccination state. The risk of tuberculosis spread in herd and human infection still existed due to the application of attenuated bacteria vaccines. There was a positive correlation be- tween brucellosis in human with age distribution and the opportunities of contact with infection source. The main causes were the poor self-protection consciousness and insufficient protection measures.