潮汕传统农村住宅热环境实测研究及其现代启示

Field Study and Modern Enlightenment on Thermal Environment of Traditional Vernacular Dwellings in Chaoshan Area

通过对潮汕地区的一栋典型传统民居进行夏、冬两季室内外热环境的实测分析,总结了当地传统住宅中与湿热气候相适应的元素和存在的问题。研究结果表明:潮汕地区夏季半开放空间综合热环境优于封闭的室内空间,传统住宅的天井在白天有显著的热缓冲作用,夜晚有热压通风的潜力,利用天井所形成的半开放空间有助于维持人体对温度变化的适应能力;传统农宅使用可变的围护结构——屏风可以改善冬季室内热环境,保证了全年最大限度的利用自然通风及太阳辐射;潮汕地区传统农宅室外风环境较好,应在厅井式传统住宅北向墙面合理设置开口,以利于组织有效的室内自然通风。

Through a field study on indoor and outdoor thermal environments of a traditional vernacular dwelling in Chaoshan Area in winter and summer,some factors that local vernacular dwelling adapts to hot humid climate and other existing problems were summarized.The results show that the integrated thermal environment of semi-open space in summer was superior to the closed indoor space because the semi-open space formed by the courtyard which is characterized by significant heat reduction in the day and thermal pressure ventilation at night can help human body adapt to the temperature variation.The variable envelope-screen in the traditional vernacular dwelling was used to better the indoor thermal environment in winter,thus making the most use of natural ventilation and solar radiation all year round.Due to good outdoor wind environment of traditional vernacular dwellings in Chaoshan Area,it is advised that the northern wall of courtyard-type traditional vernacular dwellings is provided with openings to realize indoor natural ventilation effectively.