伊犁地区患者不规则抗体检测情况分析

Analysis of the results about irregular antibodies screening in patients in Yili

目的调查伊犁地区不同民族患者红细胞血型不规则抗体的检出情况和分布特点,探讨血型不规则抗体筛查在临床输血中的意义。方法 2009年1月～2012年2月,采用盐水法、微柱凝胶法、试管法、凝聚胺法对19 560名患者进行不规则抗体筛查及鉴定,分析不规则抗体在不同民族患者中的阳性率。结果 19 560名患者中共检出不规则抗体阳性108例,阳性率为0.552%,维吾尔族的阳性率为0.716%,汉族的阳性率为0.549%,哈萨克族阳性率为0.378%,确认抗体的特异性。不规则抗体产生情况女性患者高于男性（χ2=19.33,P〈0.05）,维吾尔族患者高于哈萨克族（χ2=6.35,P〈0.05）。结论对以RhD阴性频率高的维吾尔族和哈萨克族为主的少数民族地区输血前不规则抗体检测非常有必要,对保障患者输血安全、减少溶血性输血反应具有重要意义。

Objectives To survey the distribution characteristics and status of the inspection of RBC irregular antibody among the multi-ethnic groups in Yili,and explore the significance of blood type irregular antibodies screening in clinical blood transfusion. Methods Four methods（ method of brine,microcolumn gel,test tube and condensed amine） were used to screening and identify RBC irregular antibodies,and analyze the positive rate in multi-ethnic patents. Results A total of 19560 patients were tested during January 2009 to February 2012,and 108（ 0. 552%） patients were irregular antibody positive. Among which the Uighur was 0. 716%,the Han was 0. 549%,and the Kazak was 0. 378%. When compared the antibody specificity between different subgroups,we found that female patients were higher than male（ χ2= 19. 33,P〈 0. 05）,and the Uighur patients were higher than the Kazak（ χ2= 6. 35,P 〈0. 05） on the irregular antibody positive rate. Conclusion The distribution characteristics and the frequency of RBC irregular antibodies in Yili are similar to the literature（ 0. 3% ~ 2.0%）. It＇s very important to test the irregular antibody before transfusion,especially to Uygur and Kazak patients,because they have a high risk to be the RhD negative.