柴达木盆地鱼卡河流域水资源开发利用与生态保护

The Exploitation and Ecological Protection of Water Resources around Yuka River Basin of Qaidam

鱼卡河流经2个次级断陷盆地,流域地表水资源总量为10 236.58×104 m3;地下水资源总量为17 764.55×104 m3。其中鱼卡盆地地表水资源量为10 123.06×104 m3,地下水量为6 967.85×104 m3;马海盆地地表水资源量为9 145.44×104 m3,地下水量为10 796.7×104 m3。鱼卡盆地地下水开采量为226.3×104 m3,占地下水资源量3.2%;马海盆地地下水开采量为619.8×104 m3,占地下水资源量5.7%。通过对流域地下水资源利用研究表明,随着流域地下水资源开发力度加大,下游出现了地下水资源短缺,造成生态环境恶化。例如,流域地下水不能得到合理开发利用,将进一步加剧下游生态环境更加恶化,破坏生态平衡。因此,合理开发利用流域地下水资源,是关系到流域下游工农业可持续发展的主要问题。

The Yuka River flows through two secondary rift basin-Yuka Basin and Mahai Basin.The total amount of surface water in this area is about 10 236.58×104 m3,while the total resource of ground water is 17 764.55×104 m3.In the Yuka Basin,the amount of surface water and ground water is 10 123.06×104 m3 and 6 967.85×104 m3 respectively,while the exploitation amount of groundwater is 226.3×104 m3,accounting for 3.2% of the total groundwater resources.Besides,in the Mahai Basin,the amount of surface water and ground water is 9 145.44×104 m3 and 10 796.7×104 m3 respectively,and the exploitation amount of groundwater is619.8×104 m3,who takes up 5.7% of the total groundwater.According to the research on the use of groundwater resource in this area,it can be concluded that there is a shortage of downstream groundwater resource with the intensified exploitation of groundwater,thus resulting in deterioration of the ecological environment.Without a plan of rational development and utilization of groundwater in this area,the downstream environment may get worse and worse,and finally the ecological balance will be destroyed.Therefore,reasonable exploitation and utilization of groundwater is a primary concern closely related to the sustainable development of downstream industry and agriculture in this area.