天津城市化进程中失地农民收入问题探讨

DISCUSSION ON TIANJIN LAND- LOST PEASANTS' INCOME IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION

城市化的快速推进使大量农村集体土地转为城市国有土地,相应带来农民收入来源和收入方式的重大变化。该文在对天津周边区县城市化进程中失地农民收入状况实地调研基础上,运用系统综合分析法分别从收入来源、收入额和支出结构、支出额对农民失地前后总体收支变化情况进行了深入分析。结果表明:过去几年,天津周边区县城市化进程中失地农民年收入额确有提升,但远低于其支出额增长幅度,且收入增长具有暂时性和低端性特征。进一步分析发现:征地制度不合理、社会保障水平偏低、知识技能缺陷和不完善的就业服务政策,导致城市化进程中失地农民收入增长缓慢且难以持续。故未来政府应通过制度调整优化努力增加征地补偿性收入、提高社会保障性收入、提升就业工资性收入、拓展多样化财产性收入等措施促进城市化进程中失地农民收入更快增长,保障他们生活可持续。

A large scale of rual collective lands have been requisitioned and changed into state- owned land in the process of urbanization. It caused important changes of peasants＇ income sources and forms. By the survey on the spot in related counties of Tianjin,this paper deeply analyzed the peasants＇ overall changes between income and spending. The results showed that land- lost peasants＇ income increased in the past several years,but the income growth was far below the expense,and the income growth showed a temporary and low- level feature. The reasons including unreasonable land expropriation system,deficient social security,lack of skills and ineffective employment policies led to the land- lost peasants＇ lower income growth. The government should adapt some countermeasures to accelerate land- lost peasants＇ income faster growth and maintain sustainable livelihood in the future,such as increasing land requisition compensation,improving social security,accelerate wages and explore various property income.