黄旗海流域生态系统状况及变化特征

Ecosystem Condition and Changing Characteristics of Huangqihai Basin

基于遥感图像解译的1990、2000和2010年3期土地覆被/利用结果,分析了21年间黄旗海流域生态系统状况及其变化过程,揭示其变化的气候和经济驱动因子。结果表明,1990—2010年黄旗海流域高覆盖草地面积不断减少,主要是降水量和湿润指数下降导致的;林地面积前期有所减少,后期增加较多,可能与降水量和湿润指数下降、京津风沙源治理工程开展有关;旱地面积不断减少,居民地和建设用地不断增加,可能与经济高速发展导致旱地被占用有关。1990—2010年黄旗海流域生态系统状况指数大幅下降,前期主要是由土地退化指数下降主导的,后期是由土地退化指数下降、生物丰度指数下降和植被覆盖指数下降共同主导的。2010年生态系统状况指数为36.73,属于一般级别中的较低水平。

Based on the land use and covering result of Huangqihai basin obtained by remote sensing images in 1990, 2000, 2010, the ecosystem condition and changing process of Huangqihai basin were analyzed to reveal the driving forces of climate change and economic development. The results showed that during 1990 and 2010, the area of dense grassland was reduced, which was caused by precipitation and moisture index declining. The area of forestland was reduced during 1990 and 2000 and increased during 2000 and 2010, which was related with declining, precipitation and moisture index, implement of Beijing-Tianjin wind and sand source control project. From 1990 to 2010, the area of cropland was reduced and resident land was increased in Huangqihai basin, which was related with economic development. As climate arid and high speed of economic development, the ecosystem condition was deteriorated dramatically in Huangqihai basin. This deterioration was due to the decline of land degradation index during 1990 and 2000, while it was caused by the decline of land degradation index, biological abundance index and vegetation coverage index during 2000 and 2010. In 2010, the ecosystem condition index was 36.73, which was in a low level.