论朱熹天命观的构成与时代认知

On the Formation of Zhuxi's View of Fate and Times Cognition

朱熹天命观的构成体现为"天"与"命"的统一;时代认知表现为对天命的认知。朱熹在融合了各历史时期儒家天命思想基础上,对其丰富发展,并形成了自己的天命观。朱熹天命观不再把"天"与"命"看作是对立的两种事物,而把"天"与"命"看作统一构成体,他们统一于理之中,以此适应时代的需要。朱熹天命观要求人们在社会活动中,思想、言行、都要适合君之命令,这是人的天命。朱熹天命观的时代境遇还在于人们对天命的认知,以此自觉的引导人们思想精神,规范人们的社会活动。朱熹天命观肯定了人与自然的和谐,也强调了人的主体作用,这是"人"之所以"成人"的关键。

The Formation of Zhuxi＇ s view of fate represents the unity of God and fate. Times cognition is shown as the cognition on fate. On the basis of integrating Confucian view of fate in all historical periods, Zhuxi comprehensively developed and formed his own of fate view. Zhuxi ＇ s fate view no longer takes God and fate as two opposite things. However, he takes God and fate as an unity in sense. Zhuxi＇ s requires people to meet the emperor＇s order from thoughts to actions in social activities, and this is called fate. The times situation of Zhuxi＇ s view of fate depends on the cognition of people to fate, thus it guides people＇ s thoughts consciously, and regulates people＇ s social activities. Zhuxi＇ s view of fate affirms the harmony of people and nature and emphasizes the main function of people, which plays a crucial role.