干细胞在非血液系统疾病中的应用

The Aplication of Sem Cell in Non-hematological System Diseases

胚胎干细胞作为全能干细胞能分化成机体内的任何组织器官,理论上可作为最佳的种子细胞应用于再生医学,但胚胎干细胞的临床应用受道德伦理的争议以及法律的约束,且来源受限。目前临床应用的主要是成体干细胞,这类细胞包括造血干细胞、间充质干细胞、神经干细胞及肝干细胞等。体内和体外实验表明干细胞在一定的条件下可诱导分化成造血细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞及神经细胞等,因此成体干细胞可应用于多种临床疾病。本文主要综述成体干细胞在脊髓损伤、脑瘫、外伤性脑损伤、脑卒中、自体免疫性疾病和慢性肝病中的最新研究进展。

Embryonic stem（ES） cell therapies are often promoted as the optimal stem cell source for regenerative medicine applications because of their ability to develop into any tissue in the body. Unfortunately, ES cell applications are currently limited by ethical, political, biological and source. However, multipotent non-ES cells, which are also known somatic stem cell, are available in large numbers in hematopoietic stem cell,mesenchymal stem cell,neural stem cell,liver stem cell and so on. These somatic stem cell are capable of giving rise to hematopoietic, epithelial, endothelial and neural tissues both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, somatic stem cell are amenable to treat a wide variety of diseases including neurological, autoimmune,liver and endocrine diseases. In addition, the recent use of somatic stem cell in several regenerative medicine clinical studies has demonstrated its pluripotent nature. Here we review the latest developments in the use of somatic stem cell in regenerative medicine. Examples of these usages include spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injuries, cerebral apoplexy, autoimmune disorder, cirrhosis of liver and so on.