论荀子的“勇”

Discussion about the Courage of Xuncius

荀子根据"勇"与"义"、"利"的关系提出了"狗彘之勇"、"贾盗之勇"、"小人之勇"、"士君子之勇",只有"士君子之勇"是值得提倡的。荀子还将"勇"划分为上勇、中勇、下勇,认为只有上勇才是真正的大勇。真正的勇并不是先天具有的,是后天"人为"的结果,需要重视礼的作用,树立重义轻利的求荣避辱观念,通过师法不断培养才能形成。

According to the ＂courage＂ and ＂righteousness＂, ＂benefit＂ relationship, Xuneius put forward ＂ the beast＇s courage＂, ＂the merchants＇courage＂, ＂the villain＇s courage＂, ＂the gentlemen＇s courage＂, and only the Gentlemen＇s courage was wortkwhile to promote. Xuncius also divided ＂courage＂ into upper, medium and lower, only the upper one was the real courage. The real courage is acquired, not innate. If you want to have the courage, you need to attach great importance to the ritual role, set up the idea of valuing loyal- ty over money, avoiding being humiliated, and respect for the role of education and law.