口述历史中方法问题探析

On the methods in oral history

口述历史既是收集传播史料的方法,又是全部或部分以这种史料为依据的文献,也是一种阐述历史的方式。口述历史方法论的研究主要从采访者、受访者及研究者三个角度进行,在具体的开展上较多运用心理学、社会学等学科方法,有着跨学科的特点。回顾与总结我国口述历史实践中方法论、具体应用方法,提出方法论和具体方法的完善,重视跨学科合作,加强法律意识及法律保障的建议。

Oral history is not only a way of collecting and spreading historical data, but literature based on the historical data wholly or partially, a method of elaborating history. Research on the methodology in oral history is mainly carried out from three aspects： the interviewers, the respondents and the researchers. Methods in psychology and sociology are often employed. The author reviews and summarizes the methodology and methods in oral history, gives suggestions as to improvement, proposes that more attention be given to interdisciplinary cooperation and the legal consciousness and legal security be strengthened.