聚合氮的研究进展

Recent Advances in Polymeric Nitrogen

全氮化合物是推进剂和炸药等高能密度材料(HEDM)有应用前景的候选物。在全氮化合物中,聚合氮特别是立方偏转结构聚合氮(cg-N)的能量最高,理论计算显示cg-N的密度为3.9 g·cm-3,比冲为500 s,爆压是HMX的十倍有余。cg-N已于2004年通过在金刚石对顶砧中在2000 K高温、140 GPa高压下压缩氮气实验制得,但是在常温常压下还无法稳定保存;如果在常温环境下能够得到稳定的聚合氮,这将是含能材料领域的一次里程牌式的飞跃。本文就这种立方偏转晶体结构的聚合氮和之前发现的无定形聚合氮进行了综述,并详细地阐述了以N2/H2(2/1,体积比)混合物在室温下约85 GPa条件下制得的N2/H2聚合氮合金的性质。

Polynitrogen compounds（ containing only nitrogen atoms） are promising candidates as High Energy Density Material（ HEDM）for propellants and explosives. Polymeric nitrogen particularly for cubic-gauche nitrogen（ cg-N） has the highest energy contents in polynitrogen compounds. From theoretical estimates,cg-N can provide a specific impulse of 500 sec with material density 3. 9 g·cm- 3,which is a tenfold improvement in detonation pressure over HMX. cg-N was produced experimentally in 2004 by compression of molecular nitrogen in adiamond anvil up to a pressure of 140 GPa at a cell temperature higher than 2000 K,but it cann＇t be restained at ambient condition If polymeric nitrogen can be obtained at ambient condition,this will be a milestone in the development of energetic materials. Therefore a brief review of cubic-gauche nitrogen（ cg-N） and previous amorphous（ semiconducting） polymeric nitrogen were overviewed in this paper. The properties of N2 /H2 alloy,which was prepared with N2 /H2（ volume ratio 2∶ 1） mixture under 85 GPa at room temperature,were also introduced.