生物甲烷系统技术评价与集成的研究进展

Progress of evaluation and integration of biomethane system

生物甲烷系统是实现生物质资源化高效转化利用和二氧化碳减排的重要途径之一,符合我国国家战略的重大需求,但目前对该系统中的能量物质转化效率、经济环境性等问题的分析不够深入。为了深入认识生物甲烷系统的物质能量转化和利用情况,实现生烷甲烷体系结构的最优,本文从系统工程的思路出发,对影响整个生物甲烷系统的关键单元和子系统中的关键技术进行了分析对比,包括原料收集、发酵、甲烷提纯等过程,并结合实例进行综合分析与评价。对生物甲烷系统中各单元的技术、经济、环境的影响评价和系统网络结构多目标优化的国内外研究进展进行了简要论述,提出了生物甲烷系统研究所面临的技术瓶颈和挑战。指出针对资源的特殊性,需要建立综合考虑过程模拟、能效分析、全生命周期及经济评价的系统集成方法,对生物甲烷反应、产物分离、储运、输送等各个环节的物质转化、能量利用效率及环境影响进行评价和分析,发现影响其可持续性能的瓶颈;进一步考虑技术、经济和环境等指标进行多目标优化,获得优化策略,实现生物甲烷系统物质能量利用效率的最优化和能源资源的最优配置。

Biomethane route/system is one of the most important ways of reasonablely utilizing biomass,reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. There is not an insight analysis focusing on the material and energy conversion,economic and environment issues of the system. In order to have an insight understanding of biomethane system,this paper reviews the related units and sub-systems which affect the system from the viewpoint of process system engineering,including feedstock fermentation,biogas upgrading and product transportation,and makes analysis and evaluation. Research progress of evaluation of the effects of biomethane process on technology,economy and environment and multi-objective optimization in China and the rest of the world is presented,and technical bottlenecks and challenges of research on biomethane system are discussed. Aimed at the specialties of resources,a system integration method comprehensively considering process simulation,energy efficiency analysis,whole life cycle,and economic evaluation is required to evaluate and analyze material conversion,energy efficiency,and environmental impact in digestion of biomethane,product separation,storage,and transportation to find out the bottleneck of sustainable performance,and further to make multi-objective optimization of technology,economy and environment to achieve optimized utilization of biomethane and optimized allocation of energy resources.